Ltd. All Rights Reserved, Company School Paintings of Calcutta, Murshidabad, Patna (1750-1850): Doctoral Thesis of Late Dipak Bhattacharya (1960-2007). Further she pointed out the expressive nature of Gaganendranath's Cubism wherein 'the turbulent, hovering or pacified forces of inner experiences' were projected in terms of planes, facets and cubistic forms. “While thinking of Cubism I was reminded of something. Ver más ideas sobre paisajes. Needless to say that Gaganendranath was highly inspired by the original works he saw at the exhibition of water-colours and graphic prints by Bauhaus painters held in Calcutta in December 1922 sponsored by Indian Society of Oriental Art. The cover image on the book Satbhai-Champa written by Gyanadanandini Devi is one such captivating example. Under Gaganendranath Tagore, the genre was transformed into an aesthetic of rupture, bringing to visual art hitherto unexplored vocabularies of … Benodebehari Mukherjee, 'Gaganendranath Tagore', Gaganendranath Tagore, Indian Society of Oriental Art, Calcutta. Tagore’s different phases in his career bearing different styles each; as well as his experimentation with a European art style in the midst of a nationalist art movement. © 2010-13 Chisel Crafts Pvt. It is now possible to actually define in what terms cubism interested Gaganendranath and influenced him. Tagore Reading His Poem at the Congress Session and Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose Demonstrating His New Apparatus are two remarkable paintings in this context in terms of their interplay and juxtaposition of light and shadow, of course without any cubist break-ups. It is said that Cubism was a passing phase in Indian art and Gaganendranath had no follower as such. Cubism in Gaganendranath’s work. That's it. Gaganendranath Tagore was born at Jorasanko into a family whose creativity defined Bengal's cultural life. Many critics have noticed close and illuminating resemblances between Gaganendranath's works and that of by European painters like Robert Delaunay, Franz Marc and Lyonel Feininger, Alexander Rodchenko and the works by the Rayonists. Archer in other words questioned the integrity of the artist for all the wrong reasons. The radical nature of Tagore's art is one of the main reasons why he is considered as one of India's modern and … It is said that Cubism was a passing phase in Indian art and Gaganendranath had no follower as such. In early 1922, he made a dramatic shift towards Cubism that coincided with the famous Bauhaus exhibition organised by Rabindranath Tagore at the Indian Society of Oriental Art, Calcutta in December 1922. In using such style. He was no longer tied to illusionistic or naturalistic space; he was now able to arrange its elements at will, following his own ideas and visions of space and atmosphere. The presiding deity of the temple is Bhavatarini, an aspect of Kali, literally meaning, 'She who takes Her devotees across the ocean of … Ganendranath Tagore was an Indian musician and theatre personality, ... Gunendranath's children were – Gaganendranath, Samarendranath, Abanindranath, Binayini Devi and Sunayani Devi. 1915. Elucidating the essential differences with the European Cubists, Stella Kramrisch brought to attention Gaganendranath's strength as a narrator through his own brand of Cubism and also his ability to soften Cubism's formal severity  and often ruthless geometry with 'a seductive profile, shadow or outline of human form'. The Third Phase (from 1915 to 1921), on the other hand, comprised of Himalayan paintings and caricatures. objects are analyzed, broken up and reassembled in an abstracted form to depict them from a multitude of viewpoints—thus showing the object in a much wider context. The new technique is really wonderful as a stimulant”.7, Much has been said regarding the influence of Picasso on Gaganendranath's works. Dec 29, 2017 - This Pin was discovered by T Coldslabs. But it was almost like a confirmation of what he was up to in his experiments. While he initially pushed for the movement of the Bengal School, he eventually explored one art style after another, thus pioneering experiments in modernist painting. Born on 18 September 1867, into the Tagore family in Kolkata, Gaganendranath Tagore as a self-taught artist and nephew of the great poet and nationalist Rabindranath Tagore. Gaganendranath Tagore was an experimentor in cubism colour and ink. Yet, his responses to Cubist paintings (mainly through monochrome reproductions in the beginning) are not completely unexpected since he has always been interested in the intellectual developments of the modern West and kept himself informed on a regular basis. He was the eldest son of Gunendranath Tagore, grandson of Girindranath Tagore and a great-grandson of Prince Dwarkanath Tagore. Discover (and save!) Jul 13, 2019 - The earliest examples of Gaganbabu's paintings are in 1907 in the form of postcards sent from Puri to his daughter. Coupling this with cubism, which mostly emphasized simplicity and structure, he sought to combine structure, the stark simplicity of form, light, space, and surface design in a coherent whole. But, interestingly enough, a less discussed artist of Santiniketan who picked up from where Gaganendranath left was Prosanto Roy (1908 - 1973) a direct student of the former. Combining his interests in photography, theater and stage design, the artist’s work from this period drew from several sources, both artistic and scientific. In complete contrast to Stella Kramrisch's thoughtful appreciation of Gaganendranath's cubist works, W. G. Archer in his influential account Indian and Modern Art (1959) dismissed these works by scoffing them as derivative and as product of cultural misunderstanding.5 According to him they were simply bad imitations of Picasso. Following the chronological sequence it is evident that Gaganendranath moved with great élan from one mode of pictorial style to another in different phases of his career eschewing any singular stylistic consistency but exploring a range of variables cutting across culture and time. 2   Gaganendranath's scathing criticism of the British colonial rule through the witty cartoons also testifies his patriotic zeal. He understood the structure underlying cubist paintings realizing at the same time, how much of Indian painting of his contemporaries was devoid of it, being rather puerile and over-decorative. His brother Abanindranath was a pioneer and leading exponent of the Bengal School of Art. How to transfigure the Wikipedia . From 1925 onwards, the artist developed a complex post-cubist style. It reached far into the richness of Asian art, most particularly in India. In an interview with Kanhaiyalal Vakil in 1926 Gaganendranath says, “…………… (The new experiments) have enabled me to discover new paths and I am now expressing them better with my new technique developed out of my experiment in Cubism than I used to do with my old methods. Between 1920 and 1925, Gaganendranath pioneered experiments in modernist painting. He also realized that light and space, as expressive … Ratan Parimoo, 'Gaganendranath: Painter and Personality', Art etc. But Gaganendranath Tagore’s oeuvre reflects different stylistic influences such as Japanese brush techniques and blank ink method sumi-e, and by 1921 he had assimilated cubists techniques. Gaganendranath was on the threshold of a peculiar experimental modernity. It is for this reason that he was described to have several phases in his art career, with each bearing a particular style in mind. This society later brought out a journal called Rupam. National Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi . Despite this, there are some who have acknowledged the cubistic influence on Tagore’s paintings in the last two phases of his artistic career. His criss-cross colour beams seemingly evoking light, quick washes of prismatic colour tones and fragmentation of the pictorial surface into several indefinite interweaving planes are detectable in his works prior to 1922. Similarly, the so-called Cubist phase is one such group of paintings done during the period from 1921 to 1925 leading to a highly complex and personal imageries of the late paintings before he was unfortunately debilitated by cerebral paralysis.1. Academic Naturalism in Art of Bengal: The First Phase of Modernity, Under the Banyan Tree - The Woodcut Prints of 19th Century Calcutta, The Arabian Nights and the Web of Stories, Gaganendranath Tagore's Satirical Drawings and Caricatures, Gaganendranath's Moments with Cubism: Anxiety of Influence, Abanindranath as Teacher: Many Moods, Some Recollections, Defined by Absence: Hemen Majumdar's Women, Delightful Dots and Dazzling Environments: Kusama's Obsessive Neurosis, Peaceful be Your Return O Lovely Bird, from Warm Lands Back to My Window, Shunya: A Beginning from a Point of Neutrality, The Bowl, Flat and Dynamic Architecture of the BMW Museum, Baccarat Paperweights: Handmade to Perfection, Byzantium and Islam: Age of Transition at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Outstanding Egyptian Art at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Retrospective of Wu Guanzhong at the Asia Society Museum, Masterpieces from India's Late Mughal Period at the Asia Society Museum, The Dhaka Art Summit: Emergence of Experimental Art Forms. '3   By emphasizing on the aspect of assimilation Nandalal Bose was openly declaring his faith in eclecticism. Nandalal Bose, 'Gaganendranath Tagore', Gaganendranath Tagore, Rabindra Bharati Society         and Assam Book Depot, Kolkata, 1964, 4. They used to live in what was known as the "Baithakkhana Bari" of Jorasanko Thakur Bari. The specific contexts of his art at various points of time also provided him with the necessary logic for each stylistic framework. In the 1920s, Gaganendranath experimented with Cubism using German and French styles, creating his own form of cubism. Name : Gaganendranath Tagore. Discover (and save!) Gaganendranath Tagore was born on September 18, 1867 in Calcutta. Gaganendranath Tagore (India, 1867-1938) The Illumination of the Shadow, watercolour and oil on card. Dineshchandra Sen, 'As I Knew Him', 'Gaganendranath Tagore', Indian Society of Oriental Art, Calcutta. Died on Feb 14, 1938 at Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Some of the latter were done using techniques with the Japanese brush. What is interesting is to take a note of how others were reacting to this. Gaganendranath Tagore is considered as one of India's earliest modern artists who experimented with different art styles in his career. It was Tagore’s experiments with Cubism, which began as early as 1921, that cemented his standing as a pioneer of modernism in Indian art. Gaganendranath was an Indian painter and cartoonist of the Bengal School of Art—an avant garde and a nationalist movement in India that reacted against academic art styles promoted in the country. However, cubist influence in art was not restricted to Europe. Gaganendranath Tagore was born at Jorasanko into a family whose creativity defined Bengal's cultural life. Stella Kramrisch, an American art historian who specialized in Indian art and Hinduism, commented that while Indian Cubism is a paradox due to the stark contrast of the two styles, Gaganendranath Tagore successfully reinvented Cubism by evoking and then tracing formal tendencies. It has been considered as one of the most influential art movements of the said century, pioneered by artists like Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. Tagore finally began his Cubistic experiments in the Fourth Phase (from 1921 to 1925), done in color and black ink. Quoted in Partha Mitter, 'The Triumph of Modernism', London, 2007, 7. In caricatures, however, certain facets of identity are selectively retained to distinctly highlight the target object. For Kramrisch it was both the cultural experience and the traditional vestiges that validated Gaganendranath's brand of Cubism. Its influence spread across the country while it incorporated various strains of South Asian influence. 8  Perhaps, as critics have evocatively written elsewhere, the 'visible music and pulsating light' in Gaganendranath's Cubist paintings and the solicitously selected themes toss him out of the more formalist program of European Cubism and raise an important issue regarding the reception of the Western modern within the orientalist / nationalist orbit. Truly he was the only Indian painter until 1940s who made use of the language and syntax of Cubism in his painting. For the Cubists, it was a kind of linguistic exploration, constantly moving in its analysis of how reality could be grasped. Gaganendranath Tagore (1867-1938) was a rare artist who developed a highly-individual style by cherry-picking elements of oriental and Western … Historian Dineshchandra Sen wrote in the obituary, 'In divesting their house of everything of foreign origin, the brothers seem to enjoy the iconoclast's pleasure. Gaganendranath Tagore was born at Jorasanko into a family whose creativity defined Bengal's cultural life. View auction details, art exhibitions and online catalogues; bid, buy and collect contemporary, impressionist or modern art, old masters, jewellery, wine, watches, prints, … He began to conceive, more effectively than before, of the pictorial components as tangible elements, to be freely arranged, to far greater extent than he could do earlier. A style emerging out of several fragmentations of the facets in terms of its spatiality and tonal gradations is of course suggestive of a Cubist connection but the indigenous personal cultural content of such visualization is unmistakable. In abstract art or forms like cubism, to which Gaganendranath later shifted, distortion of features can work to the extent of annihilating the original identity of the character. This naturally led to most experimental yet satisfactory methods of conjuring up almost surreal, interwoven, indefinite spatial depth teasing our optical habit and reminding us of someone like the Dutch artist M.C. “Pratima Visarjan”, water color painting by Gaganendranath Tagore, ca. The variations in brushwork attempted by him in his political cartoons at the cost of contrived elegance are also a testimony to his penchant for sourcing and consequently appropriating techniques in spite of highly empirical and local subject matters. About : The members of the great Tagore family of Bengal were among the pioneers of the Indian Renaissance at the turn of this century. In using such style, objects are analyzed, broken up and reassembled in an abstracted form to depict them from a multitude of viewpoints—thus showing the object in a much wider context. Following Gunendranath’s premature death in 1881, Gaganendranath at the age of fourteen, took over as the potential head of the junior branch of the Tagores at Jorasanko. The results of his experiments ultimately culminated in the Last Phase (from 1925 to 1930) showing the Post-cubistic paintings which were mostly done in black and white. your own Pins on Pinterest your own Pins on Pinterest However, Gaganendranath's moments with Cubism played an extraordinarily important role in the normative feature of his pictorial art. Gaganendranath was the eldest son of Gunendranath Tagore, grandson of Girindranath Tagore and a great-grandson of Prince Dwarkanath Tagore. Born in 1867, brother of Abanindranath Tagore and the eldest son of Rabindranath’s cousin, Gunendranath, Gaganendranath Tagore took a concise interest in drawing, painting and academic studies. When the first series of cubistic paintings by Gaganendranath were reproduced in Rupam in 1922, it seemed that he had seized the 'modernist moment' to realize his artistic vision through Cubism. Hence, neither it was a mere coincidence that Gaganendranath Tagore discovered Cubism at a very significant juncture of his artistic career nor it was a compromise as Archer suspected. But Gaganendranath's brand of Cubism was a far cry from Picasso's explorations. Gaganendranath was the eldest son of Gunendranath Tagore, grandson of Girindranath Tagore and a great-grandson of Prince Dwarkanath Tagore. Rabindranath Tagore. 1972, p.43. The First Phase, which ended in 1911, showed Tagore’s works on Puri landscapes, figure sketches, some scenes from Calcutta, portraits, and ‘My Reminiscences’ illustrations. Stella Kramrisch in the accompanying article significantly titled as An Indian Cubist gives credit to Gaganendranath for introducing Cubism in India albeit a different dimension.4  According to her, French Cubism  “… dislocated the solid volume and rebuilt it as a continuum of movement and change.” In Gaganendranath's paintings on the other hand, she noticed a dissolution and fragmentation of the dynamic character of objects and not of the static. Until the 1920s, Gaganendranath Tagore was best known for his satirical lithographs caricaturing Bengali middle-class society. Beside an indifference to the formal implications of Analytical Cubism, Gaganendranath Tagore was effectively representing a decontextualizing tendency much favoured by many important artists of the modernist project. news & views, vol.3, No.11,         Kolkata, July 2011. This radicalism was evident in the following: Furthermore, even though it was said that Cubism was only a passing phase in Indian art, the existence of the cubist works of Gaganendranath’s student, Prosanto Roy, says otherwise. Gaganendranath can be considered as the one who introduced cubism in India through his modernist experiments with the said style. In this postcard, Gaganendranath experiments with cubism, loosely applying some of its formal principles to depict a bazaar street scene. Despite a certain kind of continuity in the early phase when he was producing the portraits and figure sketches with commendable accuracy or the Puri landscapes (up to 1911) or even the Chaitanya series (1911-1915) and illustrations for Jeevansmriti (1912), he was clearly responding to diverse stylistic sources like Japanese brush techniques, wash paintings, sumi-e (black ink method) and possibly Chinese ink paintings as well. Stella Kramrisch, An Indian Cubist, Rupam, vol.xi , Calcutta, July 1922, 5. Gaganendranath had very little formal education; in fact he had a very short spell at the St Xavier's School where he took a brief interest in drawing and painting and a briefer still one in academic studies. They were also moved by patriotic zeal and they were anxious that Indian art should receive the due recognition.' Quite the same Wikipedia. In fact for Gaganendranath, the dynamic forms of the Futurists were more suitable than the more static Analytical Cubism. It was an art of memory not only in its approach to its subjects  which it evoked by re-presenting those accumulated, remembered experiences which constituted knowledge of these subjects  but also in its approach to its own pictorial language. The representational and narrative strategy of image making  one of the most long-standing norms of pictorial art  seems to have been proved dispensable in Picasso's Cubism which was initiated by Le Demoiselles d' Avignon in 1907. Ratan Parimoo, 'Gaganendranath: Painter and Personality', Art etc. One of his most notable contributions to Indian art is his use of Cubism in his paintings, despite the contradictory art forms of Indian paintings and cubist styles. Free Shipping. That portion has since been demolished. Gaganendranath Tagore was born at Jorasanko, Kolkata on 18 September 1867. He was the nephew of Nobel Prize winning poet Rabindranath Tagore. Gagnendranath Tagore; Gaganendranath Tagore's Realm of the Absurd, Mukul Dey Archives; Gaganendranath Tagore's works at V&A; Gaganendranath's Moments with Cubism Not only for Gaganendranath, but for the entire artist-critic community this show symbolized the moment of 'graduation of Indian taste from Victorian naturalism to non-representational art'.6  More interestingly, Gaganendranath's Cubist fantasies, including his well-known House of Mystery, had their first public exposure alongside this Bauhaus exhibition of 1922. 1. But a lightness of being brought about by a maze of intersecting lights in varying tones and thereby evoking a sense of mystery leaving a definitive meaning less important has been a characteristic trait right at the outset. It intends to raise awareness about art all around India and the world. news & views, vol.3, No.11,         Kolkata, July 2011, 2. 9. Gaganendranath Tagore (1867-1938) BACK _____ Gallery . Gaganendranath Tagore, along with his brother Abanindranath, is known for founding the Indian Society of Oriental Art in 1907. Cubism is a modern art movement that ultimately began in Europe during the early 20th century. His brother Abanindranath was a pioneer and leading exponent of the Bengal School of Art. Offering. … Would you like Wikipedia to always look as professional and up-to-date? In the early ’20s of the twentieth century, he had embarked on a so-called cubist phase, which had little to do with European cubism. You could also do it yourself at any point in time. Gaganendranath Tagore, older brother of Abanindranath Tagore, was not a professionally trained artist but painted for personal pleasure.He drew his inspiration from diverse sources, one of them being European modernism. Custom Frames & Sizes. Though she thought that 'Indian Cubism is a paradox', she justified the case by arguing how Gaganendranath was successfully reinventing Cubism by evoking and tracing similar formal tendencies evident in the phantasmagoria of rocks and mountains in Ajanta painting. Gaganendranath was the eldest son of Gunendranath Tagore, who was a grandson of "Prince' Dwarkanath Tagore. Still, how exactly did the cubist art form come to be in Indian art? Describing his unique approach to Cubism, Nandalal Bose wrote that Gaganendranath Tagore was … Instead of strictly following the cubist art style, he actually blended it with his own style which was already far from the traditional Indian type of art. Beginning to paint rather late in life at the age of thirty-eight, he played an important role in the establishment of the Indian Society of Oriental Art, Calcutta, in 1907. In the latter's case the emphasis on the flat surface of painting and drawing led him eventually to show that objects could be realized in all their tangibility without giving us the discreet identity of these objects. Born on Sep 18, 1867 at Jora Sanko, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Unlike his contemporaries at that time, Tagore worked with light and space in his paintings, two concepts that had never been used in Indian painting before. This Art piece is said to be Gaganendranath Tagores first of many cubist experimented works in colour and ink. Buy gaganendranath tagore - temple (cubist) - canvas prints, canvas prints by Gaganendranath Tagore as Digital Prints & Canvas Prints. Featured and 1st image Dwarkapuri, by Gaganendranath Tagore via Google Arts and Culture, 2nd image The House of the Dead, by Gaganendranath Tagore via Google Arts and Culture, Cubism is a modern art movement that ultimately began in Europe during the early 20. century. In India, Gaganendranath Tagore is considered as the earliest proponent of cubism. Obviously, he failed to see, or did not want to acknowledge that Gaganendranath was responding to Cubist paintings as a new linguistic possibility. Gaganendranath was nephew of poet Rabindranath Tagore and brother of Abanindranath Tagore, the pioneer and leading exponent of the Bengal School of Art. He was an abstractionist. Just better. Gaganendranath Tagore, Chemical scream out damned spot out I say Tagore developed his own brand of Cubism He was the only Indian painter before the 1940s who used the language and syntax of Cubism … Thus, Gaganedranath’s contribution to modern Indian art cannot be ignored for these reasons. Hence his cubist paintings, as Benodebehari Mukherjee writes, 'leaves a lasting impression on our mind than the pressure of matter'.9. Gaganendranath Tagore. Gaganendranath Tagore was born at Jorasanko into a family whose creativity defined Bengal's cultural life. That Nandalal Bose was quite comfortable with Gaganendranath's cubist take is evident when he wrote, '(Gaganendranath Tagore) was inspired by the experimentalist art of modern Europe, but it did not sweep him off his feet; indeed his later paintings are splendid examples of how fresh forms and moods can be created through a complete assimilation of the alien and the familiar. From 1925 onwards, the artist developed a complex post-cubist style. A thorough study of the Roy's cubist paintings would be extremely useful to construct the history of this unique legacy. Escher. Kalighat Pat, a Protomodern Art Tradition? Kramrisch argued that despite the influence of such a 'foreign' form Gaganendranath had internalized the peculiar cultural experience of India by turning the interpenetrating order of vertical and horizontal units into an expressive 'three-dimensional context or emotional pattern'. It has been considered as one of the most influential art movements of the said century, pioneered by artists like Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. news & views is a monthly magazine published from India in order to promote art and culture. Hence, Tagore’s already simplistic style using light and space worked well with the cubist style. 1972 p.11, 3. It also includes other paintings that were done from his imagination that includes the Pilgrims series. However, with Gaganendranath the representational aspects and the spatial depth never took a back seat. Christ in the Church. She further asserted this point by saying that although Cubism was ultimately discovered in Europe, its simplicity in a formalist way was neither significantly different nor unique from the objectives of the other forms of non-illusionist art. Hence it is obvious that his run-up to cubist works started long back in his Jeevansmriti illustrations, in his great interest in proscenium lighting for dramas and in his eagerness to pick up the delicate ink-and-brush technique from Japanese Nihonga artist Taikan. Gaganendranath's Cubist paintings have been a major issue for a number of writers who debated over the validity of such an influence on an Indian artist in the time of nationalist art movement catching the imagination of some of the leading artists of the time including Gaganendranath's younger brother Abanindranath Tagore. According to the art historian and writer ParthaMitter, Tagore was the only Indian painter to use cubism … Gaganendranath Tagore. Partha Mitter describes him as “The only Indian painter before the 1940s to make use of the language and syntax of Cubism in his painting”. art etc. He agreed with the simplicity and stark essentials of cubism. Image: Public Domain. Gaganendranath Tagore, like his illustrious uncle, Rabindranath, and his brother Abanindranath, dabbled in more than just painting. He was a self taught artist basically. Moreover, around 1915 Gaganendranath was quietly withdrawing from Abanindranath's nationalist preoccupations and moved into a poetic fairytale world feeding on Bengali literature and performances. Artists like Feininger, Johannes Itten, Kandinsky, Klee, Gerdhard Marcks and George Muche were included in this show. Along with his brother Abanindranath Tagore, he was counted as one of the earliest modern artists in India. The lyricism and theatricality inbuilt in his works also on the other hand prompt us to see the dissolution of the harder side of Cubism and an invocation of a certain kind of orientalist proclivity. He was a nephew of the poet Rabindranath Tagore and the paternal great-grandfather of actress Sharmila Tagore. To install click the Add extension button. Beside softening of angularity and rigorous linearity of the Analytic Cubism  the amazingly fecund period of French Cubism from 1909 to 1912  Gaganendranath was extremely keen on addressing his preoccupations with prismatic luminosity, imaginary interiors (mysteriously illuminated by hidden artificial lights) and his enchanting fantastic fairyland. Beside an indifference to the formal implications of Analytical Cubism, Gaganendranath Tagore was effectively representing a decontextualizing tendency much favoured by many important artists of the modernist project. The scene depicted is a feast taking place during the festival of Diwali and it is likely that the building depicted is the Kali Temple, at Dakshineswar near Calcutta. The avant-garde in him discovered a whole set of possibilities in the flexible revolutionary syntax of Cubism. While Gaganendranath Tagore had been very radical with his art style, it is this radicalism that made him a modern Indian artist. He was inspired by the visiting Japanese artist Yokoyama Taikan and other Far Eastern styles, early in his artistic life. The Second Phase (from 1911 to 1915) consists of the Chaitanya series. The answer comes in the form of one Indian artist named Gaganendranath Tagore, who was counted as one of the earliest modern artists in India. #artfortoday Gaganendranath Tagore Untitled (Series of Portraits) ... Graphite on paper 5.5 × 3.5 inches Early 20th century • Over a hundred years old, these sublime drawings by one of the flag bearers of Modern Indian Art, Gaganendranath Tagore, are a rare peek into his early works or before he experimented with Cubism. ... Partha Mitter describes him as “the only Indian painter before the 1940s who made use of the language and syntax of Cubism in his painting”. 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